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Operations and Assignment

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$a = 1 + 2;    # Add 1 and 2 and store in $a
$a = 3 - 4;    # Subtract 4 from 3 and store in $a
$a = 5 * 6;    # Multiply 5 and 6
$a = 7 / 8;    # Divide 7 by 8 to give 0.875
$a = 9 ** 10;    # Nine to the power of 10
$a = 5 % 2;    # Remainder of 5 divided by 2
++$a;        # Increment $a and then return it
$a++;        # Return $a and then increment it
--$a;        # Decrement $a and then return it
$a--;        # Return $a and then decrement it

and for strings Perl has the following among others:

$a = $b . $c;    # Concatenate $b and $c
$a = $b x $c;    # $b repeated $c times
To assign values Perl includes
$a = $b;    # Assign $b to $a
$a += $b;    # Add $b to $a
$a -= $b;    # Subtract $b from $a
$a .= $b;    # Append $b onto $a

Note that when Perl assigns a value with $a = $b it makes a copy of $b and then assigns that to $a. Therefore the next time you change $b it will not alter $a.